weight loss medicine name

Popular Weight Loss Medicine Names You Should Know

Starting your journey to a healthier you can feel overwhelming. But don’t worry, I’m here to help. I’ll guide you through the most popular and effective weight loss medicines. Knowing your options can help you make choices that fit your needs and goals.

The world of weight loss medicines has grown a lot since 20121. Before 2012, there were only a few medicines approved by the FDA. These were phentermine (Lomaira and Adipex-P) and orlistat (Xenical and Alli)1. But now, we have new medicines like Wegovy and Ozempic. They’re getting more attention online and in prescriptions, showing people’s interest in these treatments1.

Table of Contents show

Key Takeaways

  • Weight loss medicines are usually for people with a BMI of 30 or more. Or for those with a BMI of 27 or more and health issues1.
  • Semaglutide, liraglutide, and orlistat are approved for kids aged 12 and up for weight loss1.
  • Phentermine helps with weight loss, with patients losing about 5% of their body weight1.
  • Orlistat works by blocking fat absorption. Some patients lose about 5% of their body weight1.
  • Studies show semaglutide can lead to significant weight loss. Patients lost an average of 5.9% at three months and up to 14.9% at six months1.

Understanding Prescription Weight Loss Medications

Millions of Americans struggle with obesity. Prescription weight loss medications offer a proven way to manage weight. These drugs work by targeting specific body processes to help people lose weight2. Doctors usually prescribe them for those with a BMI of 30 or higher, or a BMI of 27 with health issues2.

FDA Approval Requirements and Standards

The FDA sets high standards for weight loss drugs. They require detailed clinical trials to check safety and effectiveness3. Only a few drugs are approved for long-term weight loss, mainly for those with obesity3.

Criteria for Weight Loss Medicine Prescription

Doctors look at BMI when deciding on weight loss meds2. For example, Zepbound is for adults with a BMI of 30 or more. Other drugs might be okay for those with a BMI of 27 or higher, especially if they have health issues3.

Role of BMI in Medication Selection

BMI is key in choosing the right weight loss drugs2. These medications, along with lifestyle changes, can lead to more weight loss. Studies show people on these meds can lose 10% or more of their weight2.

MedicationFDA Approval CriteriaEffectiveness
WegovyBMI ≥ 30 or BMI ≥ 27 with weight-related health conditionsAids in long-term weight management3
ZepboundBMI ≥ 30Approved in 2023 for adults with obesity3
Orlistat (Xenical)BMI ≥ 30 or BMI ≥ 27 with weight-related health conditionsSuitable for short-term use, with slight weight loss3

Weight loss of 5% to 10% can improve health, like blood sugar and blood pressure2. The FDA has approved four weight management drugs for kids 12 and older2.

While weight loss meds can be helpful, they’re not for everyone. They work differently for each person3. Always talk to a doctor to find the best option for safe and effective weight loss3.

Latest Advances in Weight Loss Medicine Names

The world of weight loss medications is changing fast. New therapies are coming out, offering amazing results. At the center of this change are GLP-1 receptor agonists. These drugs mimic a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)4.

Two top drugs in this group are semaglutide (Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Zepbound). Semaglutide was approved in 2021 for weight loss. It helped patients lose an average of 15% of their weight over 68 weeks5. Tirzepatide, approved in 2023, helped obese patients lose about 18% of their body weight4.

These drugs work by reducing hunger and slowing down digestion. This makes you feel full and boosts insulin production4. More and more people want these treatments, with 89% of doctors seeing a big increase in requests5.

But, there are challenges too. Shortages and misuse have caused problems, leading to bad side effects4. As these treatments become more common, doctors and patients must be careful. They need to make sure these medicines are used safely and effectively for weight loss.

GLP-1 receptor agonist

The arrival of GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide is a big step forward. These drugs offer hope for those fighting obesity and related health issues4.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: The New Generation

A new class of weight loss drugs, GLP-1 receptor agonists, is making waves. They mimic the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which controls hunger and insulin levels6.

How GLP-1 Medications Work

These drugs slow down stomach emptying, telling the brain you’re full. This helps cut down hunger and boosts metabolism6.

Benefits Beyond Weight Loss

GLP-1 receptor agonists also improve blood sugar control and lower heart disease risk6. They offer a complete solution for those fighting obesity6.

Common Side Effects and Precautions

These drugs are mostly safe but can cause nausea, diarrhea, and stomach pain6. They’re not for people with certain cancers or thyroid issues6. It’s crucial to monitor them closely.

GLP-1 receptor agonists are a game-changer in weight loss medicine. They help with significant weight loss and offer health benefits. These drugs are key in fighting obesity and related health issues678.

MedicationAverage Weight LossKey Characteristics
Zepbound (tirzepatide)Up to 21% of body weight7Targets both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, leading to greater weight loss potential
Wegovy (semaglutide)Around 15% of body weight7Approved for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight
Saxenda (liraglutide)Nearly 3% of body weight7One of the earliest GLP-1 receptor agonists approved for weight loss

As these GLP-1 receptor agonists become more available and affordable, they offer great hope in the fight against obesity8.

Semaglutide Products: Wegovy and Ozempic

Semaglutide is a groundbreaking medication for weight management and type 2 diabetes. It comes in two forms: Wegovy for weight loss and Ozempic for diabetes9.

Wegovy is a weekly injection for obesity and overweight issues. It starts at 0.25 mg and goes up to 2.4 mg in 16-20 weeks9. Ozempic is also weekly but for diabetes, at lower doses9.

These medications show amazing results. Wegovy users lose an average of 15% of their body weight10. This can greatly improve health and happiness.

MedicationDosageApproved Usage(s)
WegovyInjection once a week, starting with 0.25 mg and increasing to 2.4 mgOverweight/obesity/heart disease prevention
OzempicInjection once a week, starting at a lower dose and working up to 0.5 mgType 2 diabetes/heart disease prevention/overweight/obesity

Wegovy and Ozempic have similar side effects like stomach issues and headaches11. But, they might also increase gallbladder disease and suicidal thoughts. Doctors need to watch for these risks11.

Both Wegovy and Ozempic help with weight loss and health. Always talk to a doctor before starting these medicines. They can help manage side effects and ensure safety910.

semaglutide

Traditional Weight Loss Medicine Names and Their Uses

Traditional weight loss medicines have been around for a long time. Phentermine, the oldest, and orlistat, which blocks fat, are still used today12.

Phentermine and Its Variations

Phentermine is a stimulant that helps reduce hunger. It comes in 15 mg and 30 mg forms. It’s usually used for a short time because it can raise heart rate and cause other side effects12.

Phentermine-topiramate, or Qsymia, combines phentermine with topiramate. This mix helps with weight loss by reducing hunger and cravings12.

Orlistat Options: Xenical and Alli

Orlistat, known as Xenical and Alli, stops fat from being absorbed. It can help people lose 5-10% of their body weight. But, it might cause oily stools and other stomach problems12.

Combination Medications

There are also combo medicines for weight loss. Naltrexone-bupropion, or Contrave, combines an opioid blocker with an antidepressant. Phentermine-topiramate, or Qsymia, pairs a stimulant with an anticonvulsant. Both can lead to 5-10% weight loss, but results vary12.

It’s crucial to talk to a doctor before starting any weight loss medicine. They can help choose the best option based on benefits and risks1213.

Traditional Weight Loss Medications
MedicationMechanism of ActionTypical Weight LossSide Effects
PhentermineAppetite suppression5-10%Increased heart rate, dry mouth
Orlistat (Xenical, Alli)Fat absorption inhibition5-10%Gastrointestinal issues, oily stools
Phentermine-Topiramate (Qsymia)Appetite suppression, seizure control5-10%Increased heart rate, dry mouth, paresthesia
Naltrexone-Bupropion (Contrave)Opioid antagonism, antidepressant5-10%Nausea, constipation, headache

While these traditional weight loss medications can be effective for some individuals, it’s important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate option, considering both potential benefits and risks1213.

Cost and Insurance Coverage Considerations

Weight loss medications can be expensive. Drugs like Wegovy (semaglutide) cost between $500 to $1,350 a month14. The sales of these drugs, including Ozempic and Wegovy, hit $10.7 billion in 2021. This is a 300% jump from 2020 to 202214.

Getting insurance to cover these medications can be tough. Some plans might cover diabetes drugs but not weight loss ones14. Medicare Part D can’t cover weight loss drugs by law, making things harder for patients14.

MedicationAverage Monthly CostInsurance Coverage
Wegovy (semaglutide)$1,30014Limited, with many insurers not providing coverage14
Ozempic (semaglutide)$89215More likely to be covered for diabetes than for weight loss14
Saxenda (liraglutide)$1,35014Limited, with 39.1% of plan spending on weight loss medications in 202215

There’s hope for better coverage. The Treat and Reduce Obesity Act of 2023 could help14. Also, generic versions of older drugs might be cheaper for those without insurance14.

Drug makers offer savings programs to help with costs14. These programs can make a big difference for those struggling to pay14.

Weight Loss Medication Costs

In summary, the cost and insurance for weight loss drugs are key for those trying to lose weight. While newer drugs are pricey, knowing about options and help from drug makers can make a big difference. This way, people can get the care they need to reach their health goals.

Comparing Different Weight Loss Medicine Options

Not all weight loss medications are the same. Drugs like Zepbound, Mounjaro, Wegovy, and others have different effects in studies. GLP-1 receptor agonists, like semaglutide and tirzepatide, lead to 10-15% weight loss on average16. Traditional drugs, like phentermine and orlistat, result in 5-10% weight loss1.

When choosing a weight loss medication, consider how you take it and its side effects. For example, Zepbound and Mounjaro are weekly injections. Wegovy and Ozempic have different injection schedules16. Drugs like Qsymia and Contrave offer a balance between weight loss and ease of use.

MedicationAverage Weight LossAdministration Method
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (e.g., semaglutide, tirzepatide)10-15%Injectable
Phentermine and Orlistat5-10%Oral
Combination Drugs (e.g., Qsymia, Contrave)IntermediateOral

Think about your BMI, health, and any health issues when picking a weight loss drug. Comparing options helps find the best treatment for you and your doctor.

weight loss drug comparison

Safety Profiles and Long-term Usage

Long-term use of weight loss medications needs careful watching. For drugs like GLP-1 agonists17, regular blood tests and thyroid checks are key. Phentermine17 calls for blood pressure checks. Some drugs, like semaglutide18, are for long-term use.

Monitoring Requirements

It’s vital to keep an eye on weight loss meds over time. GLP-1 agonists need blood work and thyroid tests. Phentermine17 also needs blood pressure checks.

Duration of Treatment

How long you take weight loss meds varies. Some, like phentermine17, are for short use. Others, like semaglutide18, are for longer periods. Stopping these meds can cause weight gain, so lifestyle changes are key.

“Guidelines on obesity control define significant weight loss as at least a 5% reduction in weight associated with improvements in cardio-metabolic risk factors.”17

Understanding the safety and long-term use of weight loss meds is important. Knowing what monitoring is needed and how long treatment lasts helps patients make smart choices. Working with healthcare providers is crucial for lasting, healthy weight management.

long-term weight loss medication use

Emerging Weight Loss Medications in Development

As obesity rates rise, drug makers are racing to create new weight loss drugs. These new treatments aim to offer better, more tailored ways to manage obesity. Several promising drugs are in the works, focusing on different ways to help people lose weight.

One area getting a lot of attention is oral GLP-1 inhibitors. Eli Lilly’s orforglipron and Pfizer’s candidates19 are examples. These drugs are designed to be easier to take, which could help more people stick to their weight loss plans. Amgen is also working on a drug that combines GLP-1 and GIP receptor antagonists, a unique approach that might lead to better results.

Retatrutide from Eli Lilly is another exciting development. It targets GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon19. This triple-action could lead to significant weight loss, possibly even better than what bariatric surgery offers.

Monoclonal antibodies are also being explored. Amgen’s bimagrumab is showing promise in increasing muscle and decreasing fat19. This could offer a more comprehensive solution for those dealing with obesity.

As the obesity treatment pipeline grows, these new drugs could change how we manage weight. They offer more tailored and effective options, which could help people find lasting solutions to their weight struggles.

future weight loss drugs
Emerging Weight Loss MedicationMechanism of ActionPotential Weight Loss
Orforglipron (Eli Lilly)Oral GLP-1 inhibitorUp to 22.5%19
Amycretin (Novo Nordisk)GLP-1/GIP receptor agonistUp to 13%20
Retatrutide (Eli Lilly)GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon targetingPotential to rival bariatric surgery19
Bimagrumab (Amgen)Monoclonal antibody for muscle mass increase and fat reductionSignificant potential19

As the obesity treatment pipeline continues to evolve, these emerging medications hold the potential to transform the landscape of weight management. By offering more personalized and effective options, individuals may finally find the sustainable solutions they’ve been seeking.

Medical Conditions and Weight Loss Medicine Selection

Choosing the right weight loss medication is key. It depends on your health conditions. FDA-approved weight loss drugs work differently for everyone. They are best for people with specific health issues.

GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide (Wegovy) and liraglutide (Saxenda) are great for those with type 2 diabetes. They help with weight loss and blood sugar control21. Phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia) is good for people with migraines22.

  • Naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave) is not for people with seizure disorders or opioid use history22.
  • Setmelanotide (Imcivree) is for rare genetic obesity disorders like POMC, PCSK1, and LEPR deficiencies1.

Your healthcare provider will choose the best medication for you. They consider your BMI, medical history, and drug interactions1.

weight loss medication selection

Getting the right weight loss treatment is important. It should match your obesity comorbidities for lasting results12221.

“Selecting the right weight loss medication is not a one-size-fits-all approach. It requires a careful evaluation of your individual health factors to ensure optimal efficacy and safety.”

Working with your healthcare provider helps you find the right medication. This way, you can improve your health and well-being.

Conclusion

Weight loss medications are key in comprehensive weight loss approaches and effective obesity management strategies. The latest options, like GLP-1 receptor agonists and semaglutide, offer personalized treatments. These can lead to significant weight loss and health improvements23.

However, it’s important to consider the potential side effects and long-term management23.

With obesity affecting 30-35% of Americans and 25% of Brits, effective treatments are crucial23. Ongoing research aims to create even more effective treatments. This will help people achieve sustainable weight loss and better health23.

Combining weight loss medications with healthy eating and exercise is key. This approach can greatly improve quality of life and reduce obesity-related health issues2423.

FAQ

What are some of the most popular weight loss medicine names?

Popular weight loss medicines include phentermine (Lomaira, Adipex-P), orlistat (Xenical, Alli), and GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic).

What are the FDA approval requirements and standards for weight loss medications?

The FDA checks if medicines are safe and work well before they’re approved. They look at clinical trials. Doctors prescribe these medicines for a BMI of 30 or higher, or 27+ with health issues related to weight.

How does BMI play a role in the selection of weight loss medications?

BMI is key in choosing medicines. Most drugs are for BMIs of 30+ or 27+ with health problems. Some, like Zepbound, are for adults with a BMI of 30 or more.

What are the latest advancements in weight loss medicine names?

New advancements include GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide (Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Zepbound). They show big weight loss results in studies.

How do GLP-1 receptor agonists work to aid weight loss?

GLP-1 receptor agonists act like the GLP-1 hormone. This hormone controls hunger and insulin. These medicines slow down how fast food leaves the stomach and tell the brain you’re full, leading to weight loss and better blood sugar control.

What are the key differences between Wegovy and Ozempic?

Wegovy and Ozempic are both semaglutide medicines. Wegovy is for weight loss, while Ozempic is for type 2 diabetes. They’re both weekly injections, but Wegovy has higher doses for weight loss.

What are some traditional weight loss medication options and their uses?

Traditional options include phentermine, orlistat (Xenical, Alli), and combinations like phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia) and naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave). These can lead to 5-10% weight loss.

How much do weight loss medications typically cost, and what are the insurance coverage considerations?

Weight loss medicines can be pricey, with monthly costs from 0 to

FAQ

What are some of the most popular weight loss medicine names?

Popular weight loss medicines include phentermine (Lomaira, Adipex-P), orlistat (Xenical, Alli), and GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic).

What are the FDA approval requirements and standards for weight loss medications?

The FDA checks if medicines are safe and work well before they’re approved. They look at clinical trials. Doctors prescribe these medicines for a BMI of 30 or higher, or 27+ with health issues related to weight.

How does BMI play a role in the selection of weight loss medications?

BMI is key in choosing medicines. Most drugs are for BMIs of 30+ or 27+ with health problems. Some, like Zepbound, are for adults with a BMI of 30 or more.

What are the latest advancements in weight loss medicine names?

New advancements include GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide (Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Zepbound). They show big weight loss results in studies.

How do GLP-1 receptor agonists work to aid weight loss?

GLP-1 receptor agonists act like the GLP-1 hormone. This hormone controls hunger and insulin. These medicines slow down how fast food leaves the stomach and tell the brain you’re full, leading to weight loss and better blood sugar control.

What are the key differences between Wegovy and Ozempic?

Wegovy and Ozempic are both semaglutide medicines. Wegovy is for weight loss, while Ozempic is for type 2 diabetes. They’re both weekly injections, but Wegovy has higher doses for weight loss.

What are some traditional weight loss medication options and their uses?

Traditional options include phentermine, orlistat (Xenical, Alli), and combinations like phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia) and naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave). These can lead to 5-10% weight loss.

How much do weight loss medications typically cost, and what are the insurance coverage considerations?

Weight loss medicines can be pricey, with monthly costs from $500 to $1,350 for drugs like Wegovy and Saxenda. Insurance coverage varies. Some plans cover diabetes medicines more than weight loss ones. Medicare Part D might cover weight loss drugs for other health issues.

How do the efficacy and side effects of different weight loss medication options compare?

GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide are most effective, with 10-15% weight loss. Traditional options like phentermine and orlistat result in 5-10% weight loss. Combination drugs like Qsymia and Contrave fall in between. Side effects vary, with common issues like stomach problems and headaches.

What are the safety considerations and long-term usage requirements for weight loss medications?

Long-term use of these medicines needs ongoing checks, like blood work and thyroid tests for GLP-1 agonists and blood pressure checks for phentermine. Treatment length varies, and stopping may cause weight gain. This shows the need for lifestyle changes with medication.

What are some of the emerging weight loss medications in development?

New developments include oral GLP-1 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists with GIP receptor antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies targeting muscle and fat. These aim to offer more effective and personalized obesity treatments.

How do medical conditions factor into the selection of weight loss medications?

Choosing weight loss medicines considers various health conditions. GLP-1 agonists might be best for those with type 2 diabetes. Phentermine-topiramate can help with migraines, and setmelanotide is for rare genetic obesity disorders. It’s important to consider each person’s health for the best medication choice and results.

,350 for drugs like Wegovy and Saxenda. Insurance coverage varies. Some plans cover diabetes medicines more than weight loss ones. Medicare Part D might cover weight loss drugs for other health issues.

How do the efficacy and side effects of different weight loss medication options compare?

GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide are most effective, with 10-15% weight loss. Traditional options like phentermine and orlistat result in 5-10% weight loss. Combination drugs like Qsymia and Contrave fall in between. Side effects vary, with common issues like stomach problems and headaches.

What are the safety considerations and long-term usage requirements for weight loss medications?

Long-term use of these medicines needs ongoing checks, like blood work and thyroid tests for GLP-1 agonists and blood pressure checks for phentermine. Treatment length varies, and stopping may cause weight gain. This shows the need for lifestyle changes with medication.

What are some of the emerging weight loss medications in development?

New developments include oral GLP-1 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists with GIP receptor antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies targeting muscle and fat. These aim to offer more effective and personalized obesity treatments.

How do medical conditions factor into the selection of weight loss medications?

Choosing weight loss medicines considers various health conditions. GLP-1 agonists might be best for those with type 2 diabetes. Phentermine-topiramate can help with migraines, and setmelanotide is for rare genetic obesity disorders. It’s important to consider each person’s health for the best medication choice and results.

Source Links

  1. Top Weight Loss Medications – https://obesitymedicine.org/blog/weight-loss-medications/
  2. Prescription Medications to Treat Overweight & Obesity – NIDDK – https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/prescription-medications-treat-overweight-obesity
  3. Can weight loss medications really help you lose weight? – https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/cultivating-health/can-weight-loss-medications-help-you-lose-weight/2024/08
  4. Are the New Weight Loss Drugs Too Good to Be True? – https://magazine.ucsf.edu/weight-loss-drugs-too-good-to-be-true
  5. What doctors should know about popular weight-loss drugs – https://www.aamc.org/news/what-doctors-should-know-about-popular-weight-loss-drugs
  6. FDA Approves New Medication for Chronic Weight Management – https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-medication-chronic-weight-management
  7. The Race for the Next Ozempic – https://www.wired.com/story/age-of-ozempic-next-generation-new-weight-loss-drugs-ozempic-wegovy-zepbound-mounjaro/
  8. Ozempic and Mounjaro Aren’t the Same. Here’s How Weight-Loss Drugs Compare – https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mounjaro-and-ozempic-arent-the-same-heres-how-weight-loss-drugs-compare/
  9. Comparing Injectable Weight Loss Drugs – https://www.webmd.com/obesity/mounjaro-ozempic-wegovy-zepbound-difference
  10. Semaglutide, also known as Ozempic, for weight loss – what you need to know – https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/semaglutide-weight-loss-what-you-need-know
  11. Ozempic – https://reference.medscape.com/drug/ozempic-rybelsus-wegovy-semaglutide-1000174
  12. Anti-obesity medication – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-obesity_medication
  13. WEIGHT LOSS MEDICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY AND HYPERTENSION – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6415530/
  14. Does Insurance Cover Weight Loss Medication? – https://obesitymedicine.org/blog/does-insurance-cover-weight-loss-medication/
  15. New Drugs for Weight Loss What Plan Sponsors Need to Know | Segal – https://www.segalco.com/consulting-insights/new-drugs-for-weight-loss-what-plan-sponsors-need-to-know
  16. What is Zepbound? Does this new weight loss drug work better than Wegovy and Ozempic? Will it cut costs? – https://www.uchealth.org/today/zepbound-weight-loss-drug-compared-to-mounjaro-wegovy-ozempic/
  17. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7787121/
  18. Are the Newest Weight Loss Drugs Too Good to be True? – https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2023/09/426081/are-newest-weight-loss-drugs-too-good-be-true
  19. What is the pipeline for future medications for obesity? – International Journal of Obesity – https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-024-01473-y
  20. Novo Nordisk’s New Obesity Pill Beats Wegovy In Early Trial – https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2024/09/11/novo-nordisks-new-obesity-pill-beats-wegovy-in-early-trial/
  21. Do any diabetes medicines help you lose weight? – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/byetta/faq-20057955
  22. Phentermine & Topiramate: Weight Loss – https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/18941-phentermine-topiramate-extended-release-capsules
  23. Anti-obesity drugs: past, present and future – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3424459/
  24. The best drug supplement for obesity treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8522222/